Framework & Fundamentals
The repeatable approach and core building blocks behind most system design interviews.
Start with structured thinking before memorized answers: requirements, scale, APIs, data flow, trade-offs, and why one design works better than another.
Each page is a guided placeholder that frames the architecture, key decisions, and likely interview angles before the interactive deep dive exists.
Start from the branch overview, then drill into one problem at a time and compare trade-offs across neighboring designs instead of memorizing isolated answers.
Pick a design problem
System Design Framework
MediumMaster the structured approach senior engineers use to design any system, from clarifying requirements to defending trade-offs.
Networking Essentials
FundamentalMaster the networking concepts behind system design interviews with layered visuals for requests, transports, and protocol choices.
Intermediate System Design: The Decision Framework
MediumMaster the critical architectural decisions behind distributed systems with a tree-picker approach and tradeoff-driven thinking.
Design a URL Shortener
FundamentalApply the system design framework to build a production-grade URL shortening service from requirements gathering to scaling for 100M users.
Design a Rate Limiter
FundamentalDesign a production-grade rate limiter from single-server token buckets to distributed enforcement with Redis and service edges.
Design a Key-Value Store
FundamentalDesign a distributed key-value store from single-node hash tables to replicated, partitioned systems with tunable consistency.
Design a Unique ID Generator
FundamentalDesign a distributed unique ID generator that produces globally unique, sortable identifiers at scale from UUIDs to Snowflake-style schemes.
Consistent Hashing
FundamentalMaster consistent hashing, the algorithm that minimizes data movement when cache or database nodes join and leave a cluster.